電線(xian)電纜(lan)的(de)(de)檢測一(yi)向是國標(biao)電線(xian)電纜(lan)里面(mian)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)環節，一(yi)個(ge)電線(xian)電纜(lan)企(qi)業(ye)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)質(zhi)檢部(bu)門，那(nei)么，這個(ge)企(qi)業(ye)出產的(de)(de)電線(xian)電纜(lan)質(zhi)量(liang)就越(yue)(yue)好(hao)，越(yue)(yue)值得信(xin)賴。那(nei)么什么樣的(de)(de)電纜(lan)是質(zhi)量(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)呢？有哪些質(zhi)量(liang)檢測指標(biao)呢？下面(mian)小編將為大(da)家具體介紹。

以下是幾(ji)個(ge)電(dian)線電(dian)纜的重要(yao)指標，這(zhe)都(dou)是衡量電(dian)線電(dian)纜關(guan)鍵的指標點。

1、導線直流電阻的測量：

電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)主要(yao)(yao)傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號。導(dao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是其電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)指(zhi)標，在(zai)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)作(zuo)用時線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)由于集膚效應、鄰近效應面(mian)比(bi)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)作(zuo)用時大，但在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻率(lv)為(wei)50Hz時兩者相差很(hen)小，現(xian)在(zai)標準規定只能(neng)(neng)要(yao)(yao)求檢測線(xian)(xian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)率(lv)是否超過標準中的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)值，通過此項的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查可以(yi)發現(xian)生產(chan)(chan)工藝中的(de)(de)(de)(de)某些缺陷，如導(dao)線(xian)(xian)斷(duan)裂或(huo)(huo)其中部分單線(xian)(xian)斷(duan)裂、導(dao)線(xian)(xian)截(jie)面(mian)不符合(he)標準、產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)長度不正(zheng)確等(deng)。

2、絕緣(yuan)電阻的測試：

絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)式反映(ying)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)品絕(jue)(jue)緣特性的(de)重要指標(biao)，與該產(chan)品的(de)耐電(dian)(dian)強度，介質(zhi)損耗，以及絕(jue)(jue)緣材料在工作狀(zhuang)態下的(de)逐漸劣化等(deng)均有密切(qie)的(de)關系(xi)。對于通信電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，線間(jian)絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過低還會(hui)增大回(hui)路(lu)衰減、回(hui)路(lu)間(jian)的(de)串音及在導(dao)電(dian)(dian)線芯上進行遠距(ju)離供電(dian)(dian)泄露等(deng)，因此(ci)都要求絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)應高于規定值。

3、電(dian)容及損耗因數(shu)的測量：

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)加(jia)上交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，就有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)幅值(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)頻率一(yi)定時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)大小是(shi)正比(bi)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(Cx)。對于超高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可能達到與額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可以(yi)(yi)相比(bi)的(de)(de)數(shu)值(zhi)，成為限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)容(rong)(rong)量和(he)(he)(he)傳輸距(ju)離的(de)(de)重要因(yin)素。因(yin)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)也是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)主要的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能參數(shu)之一(yi)。 通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)和(he)(he)(he)損(sun)耗因(yin)數(shu)的(de)(de)測量可以(yi)(yi)發現(xian)絕緣受潮，絕緣層和(he)(he)(he)屏蔽(bi)層脫落(luo)等各種(zhong)絕緣劣化現(xian)象，因(yin)此無論在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)制造或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)運行(xing)中都有(you)進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)和(he)(he)(he)TANδ的(de)(de)測量。

4、絕緣強度試驗：

電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜的(de)絕(jue)緣強度是指(zhi)絕(jue)緣結構和絕(jue)緣材料承受電(dian)場(chang)作用而(er)不發(fa)生擊穿破壞的(de)能力，為(wei)了(le)檢查電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量，保證產(chan)品(pin)(pin)能安全運行(xing)，所(suo)有絕(jue)緣類型的(de)電(dian)線(xian)電(dian)纜一(yi)般都要(yao)進行(xing)絕(jue)緣強度試驗(yan)。絕(jue)緣強度試驗(yan)可分為(wei)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)和擊穿試驗(yan)。 時間的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)般高(gao)于該試品(pin)(pin)的(de)額(e)定工作電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，具體電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值(zhi)和耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時間，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)標(biao)準中均有規(gui)定，通過耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)可以考(kao)驗(yan)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在工作電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下運行(xing)的(de)可靠(kao)性和發(fa)現絕(jue)緣中的(de)嚴重缺陷，也可發(fa)現生產(chan)工藝的(de)一(yi)些缺點。

5、老化及穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)試驗：

老化試驗(yan)即是在應力(機械、電、熱)作用下，能(neng)否(fou)保(bao)持性能(neng)穩定(ding)的穩定(ding)性試驗(yan)。

熱(re)老化試(shi)驗：簡單的(de)(de)熱(re)老化試(shi)驗是(shi)考驗試(shi)品在熱(re)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用下(xia)發生老化的(de)(de)特性，把(ba)試(shi)品放(fang)在高(gao)于(yu)額定工(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)度溫(wen)度一定值的(de)(de)環境(jing)中，這樣在較高(gao)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度T下(xia)，得到(dao)較短(duan)的(de)(de)壽命。